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Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting is a section of traditional 3Dprinting and was derived from it. It provides an avenue for developing patient-specific tissues and thus accurate, target and completely personalise treatments.

It is used as an innovative additive manufacturing technique in the medical and pharmaceutical fields due to its ability to produce a multitude of tissues. This technique is of prime importance in the creation of artificial multi-cellular tissues/organs. In research institutes and hospitals, advancements in 3D printing and, more particularly, bioprinting are providing new options for treatment and scientific study. The technique is booming and has myriads of applications in the healthcare sector.

Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting is a section of traditional 3Dprinting and was derived from it.

Layer-by-layer construction with a 3D bioprinting system or other technologies provides a beneficial method for developing highly biomimetic and reliable in vitro models for infectious disease research. In addition, the high flexibility and versatility of 3D bioprinting offers advantages in the effective production of vaccines, therapeutics, and relevant delivery systems

Bioprinting allows researchers to fabricate simplified homocellular tissue.

Bioprinting allows researchers to fabricate simplified homocellular tissue models for basic research or to produce more complex scaffolds with controlled spatial heterogeneity of physical properties, cellular composition, and ECM/biomolecule organization. Spatially defined gradients of immobilized biomolecules can be fabricated automatically in a noncontact manner reducing the risk of cross-contamination originating from the surface and without the need to chemically modify the printable proteins or substrates.

Bioprinted gradients and patterns of biomolecules.

Bioprinted gradients and patterns of biomolecules can extend our understanding about how to develop better microenvironments for stem cells. This directs stem cell differentiation into multiple subpopulations of different lineages

Bioprinting enables the production of scaffolds with a homogeneous distribution of cells throughout a scaffold. An organized distribution of different cell types can be positioned within the supporting material, mimicking tissues with multiple cell types or the interface between two tissues. While the choice of material and design impact the viability and proliferation of the printed cells, the different techniques have also shown variable cell activities post-fabrication.